The review had analyzed the correlation between ribosomal protein synthesis, cell senescence and longevity. The longevity can increase in the case of decrease of translation process. Thus, the important aspect of biogerontology is the investigation of protein synthesis in composition of ribosomal subunits. L7a protein is the component of the large subunits of ribosome 60Sand plays the critical role in ribosomal stabilization by the way of ribosomal RNA binding. L7a protein takes part in cell proliferation and differentiation by the way of interaction to hormone of human thyroid gland receptor THR and retinoid acid receptor RAR. The dysfunction of L7a protein expression in elderly groups of people can be the reason of accelerated organism aging, dysregulation of adaptation processes, ischemic disease development, oncology, cataract.